International intellectual property rights within the protection of traditional knowledge
Analysis: Xing Lu (Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Law) Site Date :2005-7-1 9:39:40

First, traditional knowledge and intellectual property protection system

In recent years, with the advances in modern biotechnology, traditional knowledge, especially traditional knowledge associated to genetic resources, in economic, scientific and commercial aspects have shown a more significant value. The growing importance of traditional knowledge, and continuous disappearance of cultural and biological diversity, led to complex ethical, legal and public policy issues, protection of traditional knowledge has aroused the concern of the international community. Traditional knowledge is an important part of traditional culture, but it also constitutes a modern technology and culture, an indispensable component of technological innovation, a source of cultural innovation. Protection of traditional knowledge, is the variety of relevant disciplines and organizations to contribute to the concerns and needs of the problem. Many organizations, including the World Intellectual Property Organization, Convention on Biological Diversity, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and the World Trade Organization, are also being discussed in the protection of traditional knowledge. However, individual subjects or organizations which can not have the ability, expertise or resources to handle a full range of issues related to traditional knowledge. In a variety of forms of protection of traditional knowledge, existing intellectual property system should be in what position, whether the existing intellectual property system for the protection of traditional knowledge? This issue is currently controversial.

(A) the characteristics of traditional knowledge itself and the modern system of intellectual property protection under the modern knowledge differ. This makes the system through the existing intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge, both need to run-time. Traditional knowledge and modern knowledge in the production method (creativity, novelty), rights holders, openness, record carriers are different, so in the current intellectual property system to protect traditional knowledge would be difficult to determine the generation time face , a shorter term of protection, rights holders more difficult to identify carriers of historical records and other issues. So many people on this existing intellectual property system to protect traditional knowledge exists on the question.

(B) involves the protection of traditional knowledge holders traditional knowledge and traditional knowledge used by other multi-stakeholders. Caused by the presence of multiple stakeholders with different protection requirements. Although traditional knowledge holders and stakeholders are beginning to focus on the protection of traditional knowledge, but whether it is traditional knowledge holders, or other stakeholders are among some of the intellectual property system to protect against the use of traditional knowledge, of course, reasons different. Some people use traditional knowledge from the perspective of opposition to any form of protection of traditional knowledge, traditional knowledge is essentially based on the public domain. In the field of intellectual property, decided to regulate certain types of information should still allow the free flow of information should be based on whether the information is original or public domain. Given any exclusive rights of traditional knowledge, are the basic principles of this destruction of intellectual property system. Some traditional knowledge holders, such as indigenous people refused to use the intellectual property system to protect traditional knowledge. They believe that the intellectual property system is a traditional European industrial and product knowledge, both in terms of knowledge or basic concepts are quite different from traditional knowledge, can not meet the needs of the full protection of traditional knowledge.
From the current situation, the use of existing intellectual property system to protect traditional knowledge, traditional knowledge, the biggest obstacle is mainly caused by the natural existence of the state of the legal identification of the problems, as well as traditional knowledge holders on the lack of understanding of the intellectual property system. Be sure, the existing intellectual property system still has many of the advantages of traditional knowledge protection. Although the intellectual property system can not handle a full range of issues related to traditional knowledge, but the protection of traditional knowledge, the existing intellectual property system should be in the essential importance. Therefore, many countries, organizations have recognized certain aspects of the existing intellectual property system to protect traditional knowledge, such as: W IPO, according to a survey on the number of countries, including Australia, France, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, Switzerland and the United States In principle, that the current intellectual property system for the protection of traditional knowledge. The EU and its Member States also believes that holders of traditional knowledge should be encouraged to make full use of existing intellectual property system to protect their traditional knowledge.

Second, under the existing intellectual property system and its pros and cons of traditional knowledge protection

(A) the use of copyright and neighboring rights protection

Copyright is based on literary, artistic and scientific works of the rights created by law. Copyright protection system, the object is to "work" on the "work" can be expanded to understand the scope of protection of traditional knowledge into their. "Berne Convention" in article 2, paragraph 1, stated as: "'Literary and Artistic Works' word, including literature, science and art of all the works, whatever their form and manner how." Thus, based on traditional knowledge traditions of literary, artistic or scientific work or other literary or artistic fields resulting from intellectual activity within the tradition-based innovation and creativity, can be included in the scope of copyright protection.
Traditional Knowledge and folklore or expression, such as stories, legends and myths, clothing, tapestries, carpets, music, pottery and porcelain, sculpture, wood and stone sculpture, as well as indigenous art masks, totem, etc., in many countries (such as China, Canada, etc.) can be protected by copyright. Copyright also includes a broad right of fixation, is the performing artists, phonogram producers and broadcasting organizations the rights of the title. By protecting the right of performers, can indirectly protect certain traditional knowledge, Cantabile, dance, puppetry.
In addition, the copyright system's development, but also for the protection of traditional knowledge provides a new way. Some traditional knowledge holders have also sought to use the personal rights of copyright to protect the integrity of the concept of rights and ownership rights, public domain, and the right of pursuit payment system for traditional knowledge is also discussed. Payment system by the public domain, using the public in the field of literary and musical works to continue to pay user fees. The right of pursuit that the first time in the original works of art sold, resold, after all, the right of artists to share part of the price.
However, with the copyright protection of traditional knowledge also exists drawbacks: First, because copyright does not protect ideas, knowledge, or the concept itself, only the protection of their expression, but many of the traditional knowledge and not to work out the form; Second, even if the form to work out but authorship is difficult to confirm or already over copyright protection, and therefore not suitable for the majority of copyright protection of traditional knowledge. Finally, there are copyright laws in some countries due to the work should be fixed in tangible property as a condition of copyright protection, which tied his will into the scope of protection of folklore.

(B) the use of the patent system to protect traditional knowledge The patent system as part of the intellectual property system, which aims to confirm their inventions inventors the exclusive right to Technology program. One is characterized by the law means to achieve a monopoly on the technology implementation; Second, the way in writing of technical information and technology to realize the rights of the state's open. Characterized by the use of traditional knowledge protection. Specific performance:

1, of traditional knowledge protection through the patent system to implement a proactive
Traditional knowledge in inventions, scientific discoveries, not to disclose information, as well as all other industries, the science resulting from intellectual activity within the tradition-based innovation and creation, can be protected by the patent system. Therefore, genetic resources and traditional knowledge, from the nature of the genetic structure of microbial and plant, animal or organism isolated, synthetic or development of products and methods of use of these resources to obtain patent protection. With the use of genetic resources, biotechnology, results, and actual results obtained unpublished techniques, in principle, can get patent protection. Some traditional medicines, natural components and compositions for treatment plants has been made in patent protection.
Specifically, to traditional knowledge, genetic resources, development of technology is used for the protection of the patent system is a positive protection of the patent system. This is undoubtedly conducive to the retention and transmission of traditional knowledge, but there are many disadvantages of such protection.
It was for the patent system through the active protection of traditional knowledge to question the shortcomings, first, worry about patent protection for traditional knowledge based on or derived from the invention will hinder the community continue to use the traditional knowledge. This worry is unnecessary, because patent protection is part of innovation, and many countries have "first right to use" exceptions to that patent for an invention to become the object of others after the patent application in person before the implementation of the invention can continue. Second, acquisition, maintenance and implementation of the rights of the high cost of patent protection for the majority of SMEs in developed countries is still less attractive in terms of traditional communities in developing countries even more so. Therefore, in order to share the application fee, try some traditional knowledge holders on behalf of member associations collectively filed a patent. Third, most of the traditional knowledge are not contemporary, have been used for a long time, it is difficult to meet the patent protection requirements of novelty and creativity, so it was rarely patented.

2, of traditional knowledge through the implementation of passive protection of the patent system
Under the existing intellectual property system can also use the franchise system, passive protection of TK, that is to prevent misappropriation of traditional knowledge. There are two main ways:

(1) the patent application process in the new intervention.
TK virus is spread primarily through oral rather than written text form. So when the holder without the knowledge of one party wants to allow access to the knowledge of intellectual property rights, problems arise. Then if the way is damaged or representative holders of traditional knowledge, its only option is permitted by state law, the patent granted during or after the patent grant patent challenges. For example, the Government of India to abolish the United States to bridge the turmeric patent Basimadi Shiraai achieve this goal.
In the new involvement of the patent application process there are also disadvantages: First, higher cost. Administrative or quasi-judicial patent the appearance of confrontation or retrial procedure has been promoting the overthrow of these patents. In the absence of those procedures, must use the relevant court proceedings, it takes a certain amount of cost and time. Even with these procedures, monitoring and developing countries against the issue of intellectual property worldwide is extremely difficult, costly. If the case of turmeric in India paid a thousand dollars. Secondly, to the public domain traditional knowledge that already exists for the patent should not be recognized. The problem is that knowledge is often not documented, or even if documented, patent examiners can not be easily obtained. Particularly in the patent office when assessing novelty and originality of the most dependent on patent information, could not find information on traditional knowledge. To solve this problem, WIPO, and to India and China led a number of developing countries are seeking to establish traditional knowledge digital library, to prevent would not be patentable, the replication of traditional knowledge in patent applications is granted. The digital library will be documented in written form not only in public areas of the wealth of traditional knowledge, but also taking into account the international classification standards (the WIPO International Patent Classification (IPC) system) to patent examiners can easily check with the information.

(2) the absolute novelty of the study, about traditional knowledge as prior art.
Should recognize that there will always be no archive of the existence of traditional knowledge. "Because the concept of absolute novelty, so any found around the world, including the discovery through the use of only is sufficient to destroy the novelty of an invention, and therefore the concept of absolute novelty is still regarded as a necessary security. "Without this protection, the patent will continue to be given to the public domain traditional knowledge already exists, although the traditional knowledge is not in writing and public.
Should be noted that some countries do not use the other countries as "prior art." That only the provisions of the domestic use of traditional knowledge as prior art in the country should be given to users in other countries the same treatment. In the further development of the international patent system should take into account many of the non-written nature of traditional knowledge.
In addition, for the protection of traditional knowledge and genetic resources, the interests of holders, it was suggested that based on traditional knowledge and genetic resources of the invention, the patent application to open the traditional sources of knowledge or genetic resources, should be sources that country or community prior explicit consent and give the country of origin or the community to benefit-sharing. EU biotechnology directive has a similar provision, but according to the directive, there is no such mark, and will not cause any legal consequences of the patent application, nor will it affect the validity of the patent.

3, the patent protection system, should also be noted that the right to design protection of traditional knowledge. Design is also known as industrial design, is on the product's shape, pattern, color, or their connection to the proposed aesthetic feeling and is suitable for industrial application of the new design. Traditional manual products such as furniture, clothing, leather, wood, etc. The design and shape of the available design right protection. Such as in Kazakhstan, with a design right protection scarves and carpets.
The defects of the protection system is the protection of industrial design program for traditional knowledge holders to be too complicated, lengthy and expensive, especially in those countries the substantive examination of industrial design. TRIPS Agreement Article 2, paragraph 2, to simplify procedures for textile design protection provisions, in fact, all the design from the traditional groups should apply the same solution.

(C) the protection of intellectual property rights system and other means

1, trademark
Trademarks are registered trademarks of their trademark owner's rights law, including the registered trademark of the possession, use, income, rights of action, and the prohibition of the right to renewal of trademark rights. Trademark protection through the protection of traditional knowledge with the goods or services, indirectly, the protection of traditional knowledge. Can be seen, trademark protection can be renewed and extended and collective trademark for both, particularly suitable for the characteristics of traditional knowledge. Therefore, some countries are designing or have designed such a trade mark registration system, which exclude groups of people outside the traditional registration and related ethnic groups in terms of traditional, statues and other representative symbols, if their registration may be in violation of traditional groups culture, religion and values. Such as Australia's indigenous people (Aboriginal) and Torres Strait Islanders (Torres Strait Islander) achieved in the art that mark.

2, Geographical Indications
The development of the intellectual property system, derived from the trademark of another form of intellectual property protection: the right to such a system of geographical indications for special protection of traditional knowledge. Geographical indications are that the geographical origin of products and services, the name, mark or symbol. If China's porcelain, silk and tea for a long history and distinctive and favored. Trips agreement to use the term geographical indications. And defines it as: "Identification of goods from - members of the covered area or geographic location or the identity, and the product-specific quality, reputation or other characteristics are derived from the geographical origin." Geographical indications can be specified as a product quality of a specific area or the quality of source, origin, these products and the relationship between an association. Intellectual property protection of geographical indications, it is beneficial for producers, sellers and consumers.
If the product (including handicrafts) attributed the characteristics of traditional knowledge in the community, then you can protect the community's geographical indications of origin marking in particular, to protect the product, thereby indirectly protecting the traditional knowledge. This relatively more common in agricultural products, such as Venezuela's "Cocuy the Pecaya" agave-based beverage plants in Vietnam "Phu Quoc" fish, beans, soy sauce and "Shan Tuyet Moc Chau" tea. Some traditional knowledge holders are seeking registration of geographical indications, registration usually is a legal person or other organization. Some developing countries also seek to modify the TRIPS Agreement provisions relating to geographical indications in order to facilitate the protection of traditional knowledge.

3, Plant Variety Protection
New varieties of plants is through artificial cultivation of wild plants to be developed or discovered novel, specificity, consistency and stability and the appropriate plant species named. Intellectual property protection of new plant varieties, agricultural biotechnology has great significance. Derived from traditional knowledge of plants and plant species in the natural basis of improved plant varieties, as long as the species is unique, consistent, stable and new, can obtain plant variety protection.

4, the right to protection of trade secrets
Trade Secrets, generally refers to is not known to the public, can bring economic benefits to the right, functional, and the right to take security measures of technical information and management information. Recognition of the intellectual property system to protect commercial secrets. Some traditional knowledge, such as some of our traditional remedy, traditional crafts (such as "cloisonne" production process), the traditional formula (such as the Yunnan white powder formula) and so did not enter the public domain, the real people who know little of its contents can be used as commercial secret, or TRIPS Agreement under Article 39 to protect undisclosed information

(D) protection of traditional knowledge, a separate application system (customary law)
This article focuses on talking about the existing system of intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge, but as noted the support of the existing system of property rights protection of traditional knowledge deficiencies. Different protection systems have different advantages and disadvantages, so, combined with national and regional intellectual property protection system and practice, the existing system of protection of traditional knowledge to improve, to protect traditional knowledge system of a separate application is an inevitable trend.
Third, international organizations and international treaties on the protection of traditional knowledge and the latest summary

(A) WIPO in the protection of traditional knowledge, contributions and development
As noted above, the protection of traditional knowledge systems in the important position of the intellectual property system. As the international community in other areas of divergence, and in the field of intellectual property, there exists a readily available and universally accepted legal framework for the recognition of traditional knowledge for intellectual property protection, the most likely reach a consensus, but also l most likely to establish effective protection. WIPO responsible for the worldwide promotion of intellectual property protection of United Nations specialized agencies, the protection of traditional knowledge in recent years carried out numerous studies and discussions.
First, WIPO held a meeting to discuss the international protection of intellectual property and traditional knowledge. July 1998 23-24 and November 1, 1999 a 2, respectively, held in Geneva, "Roundtable on Intellectual Property and Aboriginal" and "Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge Round Table." September 25, 2000 1 October 3, WIPO General Assembly 26th Session of the 12th special session to discuss the establishment of a "WIPO on intellectual property and genetic resources, traditional knowledge, folklore and art expression of the Intergovernmental Committee (GRTKFIC)", and on April 30, 2001 1 May 3 and October 10, 2001 1 14 meetings were held two GRTKFIC, 3rd Conference on June 13, 2002 held a 21. In addition, in 2002 a 22, 21 years, WIPO has also organized the "Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge: Our consensus, Our Future," International Forum. Since traditional knowledge is closely related to the protection and interests of developing countries, many developing countries have actively participated in relevant international forums, and even some developing countries have begun the related legislative activity. Such as India, the Philippines and other countries.
As the United Nations responsible for promoting the world a specialized agency of intellectual property protection, World Intellectual Property Organization in recent years, genetic resources, traditional knowledge and folklore protection to carry out a lot of basic work, carried out a series of fruitful exploration. If only two years in 1998,1999 on the contents of the South Asia, Africa, South East, Oceania, South, America and the Caribbean, the Arab region's 28 countries conducted nine focus of field investigations (Fact-findingMissions), and published findings. September 2000, WIPO established the "Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore" in the Intergovernmental Panel. The committee has held five meetings and will be held in March 2004 Sixth Meeting. In addition, WIPO's series of exploration activities include: in July 1998, at the "intellectual property rights and indigenous people", round table, in November 1998 in cooperation with the United Nations Commission on Human Rights of "Intellectual Property and Human Rights" panel discussion, 1999 WIPO was established in November Biotechnology Working Group, in April 2000, at the "Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources" conference, held in November 2002 the Nordic countries, "Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore," seminars. From 1999 to 2002, WIPO also alone or in cooperation with UNESCO, has in South Africa, Vietnam, Tunisia, Ecuador, Thailand, Australia, Suriname, Jamaica, Brazil, Ivory Coast, Zambia, Ethiopia and other 12 countries carried out on "Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore" regional consultation dialogue [. These activities will contribute to strengthening the international framework of legal protection of traditional knowledge, particularly intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge. WIPO, especially in the recent seventh meeting (November 2004), the World Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore of the Intergovernmental Committee (WIPO-IGC) members of the Secretariat of the Council for four years inside and outside opinions and recommendations carefully integrated, that "traditional knowledge, an overview of policy objectives and core principles." In the proposed protection of traditional knowledge "policy objectives and core principles"
Protection of traditional knowledge should aim to: recognize the value, to promote respect for traditional knowledge holders to meet the actual needs of holders of traditional knowledge, to grant the right to support traditional knowledge systems, is committed to the protection of traditional knowledge, to stop unfair and unjust use of with relevant international agreements and processes (steps) to harmonize, to encourage innovation and creativity, to promote knowledge and technology exchange, and promote fair benefit-sharing, promote community development and legitimate trading activities, stop granting invalid intellectual property rights, enhance transparency and mutual trust, complementary to the traditional cultural expressions (TCE) protection. Principles: general principles guiding principles and substantive expertise. Recognition of the rights of which the principle of effective protection and accessibility principles, the principle of flexibility and breadth 5, in response to holders of traditional knowledge needs and aspirations of the principle themes of the general scope of the principle of protecting the principle of qualification, the principle of protection of the beneficiaries for knowledge holders fair compensation and recognition of the principle of prior informed consent and so on.

(B) trips agreement and the protection of traditional knowledge
January 1, 1995, as part of the Uruguay Round negotiations, "Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights" (TRIPs) entered into force. Prescribed in detail the implementation of TRIPs intellectual property protection measures and procedures, and requested WTO member countries to establish minimum standards required by its seven categories of intellectual property protection, TRIPs for the protection of intellectual property around the world to provide a standard. In order to adapt the world economy, developing countries accepted the TRIPs. However, developing countries have not yet developed a large number of biological, cultural resources, if they have a non-renewable resource can not reasonably appropriate protection, external economic forces into the process will accelerate the loss of resources, developing countries in efforts to develop their own modern science and technology and culture, while increasing awareness of the importance of protecting their traditional knowledge, they asked WTO appropriate standards organization for the protection of traditional knowledge. Traditional knowledge includes the huge economic potential, which involves art and literature, medicine, biology and other fields, without exception, and intellectual property rights solidarity. The use of traditional knowledge to share benefits with the commercialization of traditional knowledge protection is a very important part. The present situation, TRIPs can not solve the developing countries want to protect traditional knowledge, a lot of traditional knowledge continues to flow from developing countries, but not the protection of TRIPs, while use of traditional knowledge, products strictly protected by TRIPs, developing countries frequently face sanctions. Therefore, to represent the interests of intellectual property rights system developed directly transplanted to developing countries have the opposite result of the risk. Developing countries must find appropriate ways to protect their traditional knowledge. To amend the international TRIPs has been the voice to suit the needs of traditional knowledge protection.
The protection of traditional knowledge, how difficult is the preservation of traditional knowledge and the commercialization interests of balance, key to the solution is to well handle the question of attribution of ownership. "Convention on Biological Diversity" to the TRIPs framework to solve the problem of ownership of traditional knowledge, provided a blueprint. Article 8 of the Convention, Article 10 provides that: Member States should take legislative and legal measures to respect, preserve, maintain and promote biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of related knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the wider use of shared activities ranging from the profitability of traditional knowledge. This means recognition of the existence of this part of traditional knowledge, and thus confirm the source of resources and the residents of innovative knowledge and practice of collective ownership of traditional knowledge against plagiarism. Therefore, TRIPs should be and the "Convention on Biological Diversity", recognizing that biodiversity-related traditional knowledge of the existence and nature of collective ownership, and then recognize the resources and sources of the autonomy of the residents of traditional knowledge and benefit-sharing rights, in order to address the Class of attribution of ownership of traditional knowledge, traditional knowledge ultimately fully integrated into the TRIPs protection. Of course, many people think that amending the TRIPs requires considerable time and large-scale consultations and negotiations may not work. However, traditional knowledge and resources with large joint pressure on developing countries may be successful, "Convention on Biological Diversity" is a successful precedent. Therefore, countries not only need to modify the domestic legal protection of traditional knowledge, and should be combined together to form a common political atmosphere and the pressure for settlement in the WTO TRIPs under the system of protection of traditional knowledge.

China is a five-year history of the ancient civilization of mankind, there are splendid ancient civilization and rich cultural heritage; has 56 nationalities, a wide variety of traditional culture, traditional technologies such as traditional medicine developed; a vast territory, 13 million people, moving many plant varieties, traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources is extremely rich in biological. It is no exaggeration to say that our country is the richest country of traditional knowledge. Therefore, the study of legal protection of traditional knowledge and promote its international protection, China has a special significance.
At present, China's intellectual property rights, especially the "own intellectual property" owned and used, from the overall look is not dominant. This is mainly because of patents, well-known trademarks, software and audio-visual works, etc. Copyright is mainly vested in the hands of a few developed countries. In order to strengthen our position, at least allow us to avoid too inferior position in an important way is: try to dominate the international arena is not protected (or not protected in most countries) and the object into the international intellectual property protection range, and improve those existing only for the weak protection of intellectual property system, while China dominated the protection of water a certain object level.
Through the protection of traditional knowledge, to develop the IP system to enhance the status of our intellectual property rights in the purpose, of great significance. From the existing IP system for traditional knowledge protection mechanisms starting to explore new forms of protection.

References:

[1] Commission on Intellectual Property Rights (CIPR, COMMISSION ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS): "Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy" (Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy) reported, in September 2002.

[2] Zhu Xuezhong: "Legal Protection of Traditional Knowledge", in "Central China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences)", Volume 43 No. 3, May 2004. [3] Zheng Chengsi with: "Intellectual property law - a number of research priorities of the new century", Law Press, 2004.

[4] Guiding Principle, the right to Yan Min: "Based on TRIPs and Traditional Knowledge Protection," contains "Xi'an Jiaotong University (Social Science)," Volume 24 No. 3 (total 69) in September 2004.

[5] Liu Hua: "trade secret intellectual property rights and traditional relations", contained "Central China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences)", Vol 40 No. 5, September 2001.

[6] Zheng Chengsi, Tang Guangliang, Wei s, Ling Hua, "Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore in the study as" containing "China Intellectual Property News", 2002 / June / 28 / 003 version /

[7] Florence • Goods Dayton, of Contribution: "traditional knowledge and biodiversity, the Amazon basin region of Brazil", in "International Social Science Journal (English Edition)", 2004 04.

[8] Intellectual property needs and expectations of traditional knowledge holders, WIPO Report on Fact 1 Finding Missions on Intellectual Property and Traditional-Knowledge (1998-1999), p25.

[9] Songhong Song: "Traditional knowledge and intellectual property rights", in "research and discussion," No. 3, 2003.

[10] Wong Kan Nam editor: "Intellectual Property Law", China University of Political Science Press, 2003 edition.

[11] Zhao Weitian with: "The WTO legal system", Jilin People's Publishing House in 2000 edition.

Further Informations in German can be found here!